Philosophy

Review of Ernest Mandel - Introduction to Marxist Economics Ernest Mandel was a Marxist politician and theorist throughout the 20th century, living in many Northern and Eastern European countries during that time. He published an enormous number of writings in his lifetime, mostly analyzing different parts of Marxist economic theory, including his book “An Introduction to Marxist Economic Theory” published in 1967. In regard to his participation in the Fourth International, European followers of Trotsky after his outcasting by Stalin, he is quoted as having said that, “The working class’s periodic upsurges into direct action create at the same time the conditions for resolving the crisis of the subjective factor, on condition that revolutionaries have been active in the movement for long enough, effectively enough and on a sufficiently wide enough scale....

In Twilight of the Idols, Nietzsche makes the reasonable case that what is required of the overman is a shift within reach of human instinct and not so much a great leap depicted as beyond our means. This goes in line with the perspectivism which becomes fully developed during this late period of his life, as included in the introductory part of the text. From another perspective a great leap is just a shift....

Jean Maria Arrigo, among others, attempted to expose the crimes of the APA’s involvement in torture for over a decade before the information even began to become public knowledge. In COPS11 she and her colleagues divide operational psychology into two fields: adversial, which is highly suspect, and collaborative, which quite ambiguously serves to ‘optimize performance’. What then follows consists in a brief survey of recent developments in the field of American psychology from the beginning of the 20th century onward....

The logical form of an argument is made up of only symbol letters for simple sentences and operators that connect them together. One of the operators is the conjunction representing the english word ‘and’ which combines two simple sentences together. It can also itself be used repeatedly to combine a primary conjunction of two simple sentences together with a third one, or any number of further simple sentences. The premises of an argument can be conjoined together to make them one such compound sentence formed by conjunctions....

Kant In Hume we find a notion of causality which involves one object of sense being shown to have some sort of an association with another not in any way necessarily contained by it. For experience never affords us certainty that the connection between two moments is actually causal and not just apparently connected in our own senses, and this too forbids it being analytical. A necessarily causal event could contain entirely its effect as such....